I think it's also quite likely that women are discouraged from making cases for a raise because they have a harder time convincing male managers of their compet

I think it's also quite likely that women are discouraged from making cases for a raise because they have a harder time convincing male managers of their competence. I've seen many men who simply ignore a woman's plea about a problem, but then a man will reiterate it and then it's suddenly an issue. Imagine trying to get a raise from someone who ignores you and only listens to the men on your team.