Rolling brownouts (or even/odd licence plate rules and the like) only encourage inefficient stockpiling. People buying the bigger battery option when purchasing

Rolling brownouts (or even/odd licence plate rules and the like) only encourage inefficient stockpiling. People buying the bigger battery option when purchasing an EV (which is dead weight when not needed), degrading their batteries faster than necessary by putting their Tesla on max range charge mode all the time, because what if, and so on. I'd say spot prices for everyone or a reliable fixed rate model, everything in between will turn into a negative-sum game. Exceptions only where discrete consumers are so big that their paid shutdown can be individually supervised and verified (aluminium smelters, ice storage cooling for datacenters and the like). You clearly would not want those to simply switch over to a fixed rate outlet behind your back in times of scarcity, they need to be verifiably off.