From this paper's reference [5] ( http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.0308 http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.0308 ) "We introduce the the concept of "flow motifs" to characteriz

From this paper's reference [5] ( http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.0308 http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.0308 ) "We introduce the the concept of "flow motifs" to characterize the statistically significant pass sequence patterns. It extends the idea of the network motifs, highly significant subgraphs that usually consists of three or four nodes. The analysis of the motifs in the pass networks allows us to compare and differentiate the styles of different teams. Although most teams tend to apply homogenous style, surprisingly, a unique strategy of soccer exists. Specifically, FC Barcelona's famous tiki-taka does not consist of uncountable random passes but rather has a precise, finely constructed structure."