Another example: we ask whether animals are 'conscious' or not, or we declare ex cathedra that certain animals are conscious, all the while without being able t

Another example: we ask whether animals are 'conscious' or not, or we declare ex cathedra that certain animals are conscious, all the while without being able to explain what consciousness is, or what qualia are, or how these work. If we could then we'd know if the question made sense. I like David Deutsch's criterion for assessing claims about these issues: if you can't program it, you haven't understood it. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J21QuHrIqXg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J21QuHrIqXg