Individualism vs Communitarianism is a very well studied broad example (with a nice bimodal distribution) and leads to pretty strong disagreements about some fu

Individualism vs Communitarianism is a very well studied broad example (with a nice bimodal distribution) and leads to pretty strong disagreements about some fundamental values for people from different cultures. Worldview and religious differences also lead to disagreements about fundamental values. And among other concrete examples that I personally think are important: how much respect should be given to religious/spiritual/supernatural beliefs, what rights are inalienable human rights, how people with various illnesses should be treated, how resources are distributed, what behaviour is acceptable during disagreements (on large scales and small) and what subjects/ideas/beliefs/actions are taboo seem like the big ones.