There's a Wikipedia rabbit hole on the subject at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_European_colonialism_and_colonization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West

There's a Wikipedia rabbit hole on the subject at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_European_colonialism_and_colonization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_European_colonialism_a.... I don't have any other citations or references at hand, sorry. But, you're attempting to rebut me using a rather deeply-nested stack of science and technology developed in some former colonies. You might also give my earlier comment a more careful reading. I didn't imply that progress is limited to colonization, only that it contributes to it.