"Preparation" in this case meant going from 1% as prepared as Western Europe to 5% as prepared as Western Europe. Remember, when the Mongols attacked Vienna at

"Preparation" in this case meant going from 1% as prepared as Western Europe to 5% as prepared as Western Europe. Remember, when the Mongols attacked Vienna at the same time they were beating the Polish and Hungarians they were defeated in open battle which was their strong suit.