Is this fundamentally a story about bad/criminal actors, or another strange outcrop of an insurance-centric industry? The facililty described in the article se

Is this fundamentally a story about bad/criminal actors, or another strange outcrop of an insurance-centric industry? The facililty described in the article seems to be a criminal racket. But my question in these cases is usually: is this a spectrum? How many places are on the seedy-but-not-criminal portion of that spectrum? Kickbacks and body brokering might be ilegal, but the ultimate goal of these isn't: find clients with insurance you can bill, bill clients as much as the insurer will pay. There are options that aren't criminal, but also aren't a good allocation of resources.