Your first statement is correct but it's diverging away from my main point. >Programming paradigms are useful at levels other than “entire program”, which is t

Your first statement is correct but it's diverging away from my main point. >Programming paradigms are useful at levels other than “entire program”, which is the reason many modern languages are multiparadigm. Again I agree with this but your missing the point. To be a multiparadigm language the language needs to provide syntax for switching between muteability and immuteability. The original poster is not talking about this, he is talking about higher order functions which is an entirely different beast. I would even argue that map filter and reduce aren't even part of any paradigm: functional or imperative as all of these functions can be implemented both using recursion and a for loop... The for loop however is strictly an imperative programming concept.