Yes, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Thread, and Z-Wave all define their own network and transport layers. ZigBee and Thread are built on top of the 802.15.4 PHY and MAC sta

Yes, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Thread, and Z-Wave all define their own network and transport layers. ZigBee and Thread are built on top of the 802.15.4 PHY and MAC standard, Bluetooth operates in the 2.4MHz frequency band and operates on the 802.15.1 PHY and MAC (or did at one time), and Z-Wave operates in subGig frequencies and implements its own PHY and MAC layer (plus all other OSI layers). Opening a TCP socket across any of these is essentially impossible because of the miniscule frames all of these support. Thread is the only one that is even capable of supporting IP, but it does so over UDP, using 6LoWPAN (basically IPv6 header compression and packet fragmentation). Z-Wave, Bluetooth and Zigbee are full-stack, meaning they implement their own application layers as well, so unless you implemented TCP on top of the application layer, you probably won't get what you are looking for. Thread just provides the networking layer, so you could potentially use it to carry whatever traffic you like.