> "union shop", where new non-union employees can be hired, but must join the union This retains the problem that you have to join the union, and therefore are

> "union shop", where new non-union employees can be hired, but must join the union This retains the problem that you have to join the union, and therefore are immediately subject to the union's negotiated rules on seniority, pay scale, benefits, etc. It's better than a closed shop, but doesn't solve the problem at hand here.