Proteins are the machines produced to atomic specification by a genetic blueprint encoded in DNA. The are the tools life uses to accomplish most of its tasks.

Proteins are the machines produced to atomic specification by a genetic blueprint encoded in DNA. The are the tools life uses to accomplish most of its tasks. Proteins are formed like 'beads on a string' - a chemical single-dimensional chain, where twenty different chemical 'amino acids' are mix-and-matched. The amino acids are strung from an 'N' terminus to a 'C' terminus in order to produce nearly every machine all biology uses for every task a cell might need to survive - structural, chemical, metabolic, energetic, sensation, etc. Once produced, the chain of amino acids folds in on itself in 3D, and many 'motifs' or 'domains' have particular functions as sets of tens to hundreds of amino acids. The software, Pinecone, allows you to characterize and then mix-and-match those domains to produce protein machines with novel function. It is essentially a 1D CAD program that outputs 3D atomically defined objects, but compiles down to DNA that nearly any organism can read. It's not all that different from a molecular Kerbal Space Program - a hardware store for protein domains - but one where you can press 'print' and get your DNA delivered. - Protein Domains: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=protein+domains https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=protein+domains - How proteins are made: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA - Visualization of protein machines in use: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJyUtbn0O5Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJyUtbn0O5Y - Economically, socially & therapeutically valuable Proteins: https://serotiny.bio/notes/proteins/ https://serotiny.bio/notes/proteins/ The basic concepts and terminology are a mix of biochemistry and molecular biology and are describing organic machines that are thousands to hundreds of thousands of atoms, and a couple of nanometers in length on a side.