Except the range of possibilities isn't ['works', 'doesn't work']. Rather, it's ['works', 'no effect', 'harmful', 'works and is harmful at the same time']. A b

Except the range of possibilities isn't ['works', 'doesn't work']. Rather, it's ['works', 'no effect', 'harmful', 'works and is harmful at the same time']. A banal example: proton pump inhibitor drugs used to treat acid reflux will, over very long timeframes, cause nutrient malabsorption resulting in more brittle bones. They also have what's called a rebound effect, where dropping them cold turkey leads to a huge jump in stomach acid production and worsening of symptoms. So while effective to reduce stomach acidity, they also have long-term negative effects and a sort of withdrawal that makes the original problem worse. It's a weird and complicated situation, and certainly not the most intense example.