He did say XA. The transaction boundary defined in your consumer covers the interactions of that consumer with other XA aware nodes who all participate in a "d

He did say XA. The transaction boundary defined in your consumer covers the interactions of that consumer with other XA aware nodes who all participate in a "distributed transaction". So you can process this message N times without committing, and thus possibly N times telling other systems to do M' side-effect of that message, but until you commit the world has not changed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open_XA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open_XA