Just to meta-riff on this a little bit... The issue here is that the mechanisms we have for price signaling are too crude to easily account for the things you'r

Just to meta-riff on this a little bit... The issue here is that the mechanisms we have for price signaling are too crude to easily account for the things you're alluding too (i.e. an unconscious patient needing urgent medical treatment can't really negotiate; fluffy concepts like quality of life or the lifetime cost to manage an illness are hard to quantify monetarily, etc.) Yet in the U.S. we still try to use market forces jury-rigged with Medicaid, Medicare, Private Insurance, public hospitals, the Veterans Administration, etc., as a means to allocate health resources. Note that I'm not saying that we can't eventually devise a market-like system for allocating medical resources. I do wonder if we have the technology today for building such a system though. After all, we'd ideally have very good information very quickly so that we can make decisions about where to spend. I'm just not sure we have anything close to such a thing yet, and perhaps we should stop pretending that we've got one.