Even local optimizations are useful: https://books.google.ca/books?id=NLRVWaNw76MC&pg=PT28&lpg=PT28&dq=GM+paint+robot+bidding&source=bl&ots=AANDJ_pZ8D&sig=eKJC

Even local optimizations are useful: https://books.google.ca/books?id=NLRVWaNw76MC&pg=PT28&lpg=PT28&dq=GM+paint+robot+bidding&source=bl&ots=AANDJ_pZ8D&sig=eKJC_1NCjo27fPKexVc1y3aTIkw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwih-KvA6a7UAhXG64MKHRlwBuIQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=GM%20paint%20robot%20bidding&f=false https://books.google.ca/books?id=NLRVWaNw76MC&pg=PT28&lpg=PT... GM updated their paint robots to "bid" on new jobs (i.e. cars). They ended up saving 1.5M a year. Not much, but multiple similar things add up. i.e. when the price of the product accurately reflects the costs, the markets can be more efficient.