>> "This also doesn't make sense. Many of the backbones I am intimate with are among the largest in the world and yet have no trouble avoiding congestion throug

>> "This also doesn't make sense. Many of the backbones I am intimate with are among the largest in the world and yet have no trouble avoiding congestion through correct provisioning. > And please provide a citation for its 1:1 to traffic ratio. There isn't a network in the world that isn't oversubscribed.The entire practice of "capacity management" is based on oversubscription. This is getting a little ridiculous. Again a straw man. Where did I say 1:1 subscription ratios were provisioned. That doesn't mean you can't provision enough capacity to carry your peak load. Any network engineer would understand what I said. (And I'm happy to report I know what a top of rack switch looks like, thanks for the link.) This seems to be something you're very passionate about, but you only seem to want NN on ISPs and don't want to consider NN on a wider context with an understanding of where things are going. I was interested in having that conversation because I have a background with it, if you don't understand that environment then you don't need to participate.