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And I found one report from EU website Human health implications of organic food and organic agriculture http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/201
by sunflowershine 9y ago
And I found one report from EU website
Human health implications of organic food and organic agriculture
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/581922/EPRS_STU(2016)581922_EN.pdf http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/58192...
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In order to assess the potential health risk for consumers associated with exposure to dietary pesticides, epidemiological studies of sensitive health outcomes and their links to exposure measures have to be relied on. The main focus so far has been on cognitive deficits in children in relation to their mother’s exposure level to organophosphate insecticides during pregnancy. This line of research is highly appropriate given the known neurotoxicity of many pesticides in laboratory animal models [162] and the substantial vulnerability of the human brain during early development [180]. Most of the human studies have been carried out in the US and have focused on assessing brain functions in children with different levels of prenatal organophosphate exposure. In a longitudinal birth cohort study among farmworkers in California (the CHAMACOS cohort), maternal urinary concentrations of organophosphate metabolites in pregnancy are associated with abnormal reflexes in
neonates [181], adverse mental development at two years of age [182], attention problems at three and a half and five years [183], and poorer intellectual development at seven years [184]. In accordance with this, a birth cohort study from New York reported impaired cognitive development at the ages 12 and 24 months and six to nine years related to maternal urine concentrations of organophosphates in pregnancy [185]. In another New York inner-city birth cohort, concentration of the organophosphate chlorpyrifos in umbilical cord blood has been found to be associated with delayed psychomotor and mental development in children in the first three years of life [186], poorer working memory and full-scale IQ at seven years of age [187], structural changes, including decreased cortical thickness, in the brain of the children at school age [188], and mild to moderate tremor in the arms at 11 years of age [189]. Based on these studies, chlorpyrifos has recently been categorised as a human developmental neurotoxicant [190]. Several reviews of neurodevelopmental effects of organophosphate insecticides in humans have been conducted and most of them conclude that exposure during pregnancy, at levels found among groups of the general population, may have negative effects on children’s neurodevelopment [191-193]. A few reviews find the evidence for such effects less convincing [194, 195]. The discrepancy in conclusions is probably related to the large variability in study designs and the methodologies used to assess exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes across studies, as well as differences in the procedure used for including studies in the reviews.