You clearly never used Taligent and OpenDoc. They were innovation by committee and completely revolting. You can read the introductory Taligent tutorial here:

You clearly never used Taligent and OpenDoc. They were innovation by committee and completely revolting. You can read the introductory Taligent tutorial here: https://root.cern.ch/TaligentDocs/TaligentOnline/DocumentRoot/1.0/Docs/books/PF/PF_1.html https://root.cern.ch/TaligentDocs/TaligentOnline/DocumentRoo... As for Hypercard... it wasn't Apple's innovation but Bill Atkinson's (he designed and wrote the whole thing). Once Bill left (6 months later), no one else was really able to manage the codebase and it rotted for a decade or two until it was finally cancelled.