Cells from EVs will likely be downcycled for use as stationary storage (think Tesla's Powerwall and similar). Often only a couple of cells go bad in a pack, so

Cells from EVs will likely be downcycled for use as stationary storage (think Tesla's Powerwall and similar). Often only a couple of cells go bad in a pack, so they are easy to repurpose. In Norway some of the larger charging sites have huge stationary batteries as buffers (evens out spikes and act as phase balancing). You can recycle 100% of the lithium in a li-ion battery, but atm it's more costly to recycle than just mine the stuff - hopefully this will change in the near future.