Depends on what you consider the "substance", the "fundamentals". There's no language that has all the features, although anything "multi-paradigm" may cover a

Depends on what you consider the "substance", the "fundamentals". There's no language that has all the features, although anything "multi-paradigm" may cover a lot of them. You might be interested in the "Seven Languages in Seven Weeks" series that throws a lot of languages w/ different programming models at you, then you can dive deeper into anything that strikes your fancy.