I believe the $8b figure is actually referring to just wage theft via minimum wage violations, in the 10 states analysed in the study. The totally amount lost t

I believe the $8b figure is actually referring to just wage theft via minimum wage violations, in the 10 states analysed in the study. The totally amount lost to all forms of wage theft across the US is likely much, much higher. From the article: "In these [10 most populous] states, 2.4 million workers lose $8 billion annually (an average of $3,300 per year for year-round workers) to minimum wage violations."