> ... when the A380 Program Manager attempted to move the German designers onto the same CAD system as the French, he met a wall of resistance. Personal rivalri

> ... when the A380 Program Manager attempted to move the German designers onto the same CAD system as the French, he met a wall of resistance. Personal rivalries and national pride are reported to have been issues ... And yet there are other, more objective motives for resistance. As all big-org managers know: 1. Reputational: Belatedly switching to your peer organization's tools suggests you made a poor planning decision earlier. 2. Work shifting: The switch itself will inevitably consume many weeks of calender time, though non-technical upper management will insist on pretending otherwise. While you're struggling to switch, the rival peer org will press its advantage, collecting milestone checkoffs and praise from higher-ups. Alternative is to block the change, so as to bury some considerable share of the tool mismatch pain and delay in the rival org.