- It's generally easier to bring in immigrants if there's a tech job waiting than in the US. - The border is a barrier to moving to NYC or SF for a higher payi

- It's generally easier to bring in immigrants if there's a tech job waiting than in the US. - The border is a barrier to moving to NYC or SF for a higher paying job. So salaries are lower. - There are more agencies than product companies. Toronto has always had a lot of ad agencies, but the CAD has been trending down since 2013 without a major bump in salaries. So there are many ad agencies and contract app shops that take advantage of the spread. So in general the Toronto tech scene is smaller and lower paying than either of those cities. But it's the best in Canada, so it attracts a lot of the local talent.