> They literally don't have a toilet. Are they going to conjure one if they become smart enough? Yes, exactly! Do you know what "smart" (or rather, appropriate

> They literally don't have a toilet. Are they going to conjure one if they become smart enough? Yes, exactly! Do you know what "smart" (or rather, appropriately educated, which higher literacy helps) people can do? They can build things. They can design systems more complex than the default "shit -> river" and execute them. And have them working for years. So yes, education is the problem. There are many DIY solutions people could use for themselves, on a small, local scale, if they had access to the information on how to do them. On a larger scale, say of a village, there are many infrastructural projects which could be done with just several people and a bit of knowledge. And everything above that is what governments specialize in. Giving people toilets will solve nothing. Even if they will use them for a bit, they will shortly turn into smelly shitholes, worse than outdoors by far. Instead, if they build the toilets themselves, there is a higher chance for them to maintain them. And they could be building their own toilets right now if not for illiteracy and lack of any education. I know there are other problems: economical situation, ingrained traditions and so on. But education is the only way of battling these problems as well.