Without further experimentation the best one can say is that you have a theory which covers that which has already been observed. This is not a useful theory, h

Without further experimentation the best one can say is that you have a theory which covers that which has already been observed. This is not a useful theory, however: useful theories make predictions about future observations. Really useful ones make correct predictions. An AI can certainly produce a theory which matches observations, but no matter how powerful it is it won't be able to magically produce only correct useful theories any more than a human can. We had over 200 years from Newton's laws of motion to produce relativity from pure logic alone, but we didn't manage it. We had to reason from the evidence, and even then we didn't accept relativity as "true" until it had been experimentally verified.