I'd need a citation that a process running in a namespace adds overhead. My point about network virtualization is that it is not required to use linux containe

I'd need a citation that a process running in a namespace adds overhead. My point about network virtualization is that it is not required to use linux containers. Yes, some container tools do create network abstractions that add overhead, but they aren't required and most tools allow you to optionally bypass the abstraction and sit directly on the host's network stack.