> Does article contain references to any enpirical evidence that particular language features or programming idioms have a benefit? The kind of empirical evide

> Does article contain references to any enpirical evidence that particular language features or programming idioms have a benefit? The kind of empirical evidence you are asking for is extremely expensive to provide. Even if you conduct a massive controlled trial, experiment will have several biases which will invalidate any conclusion. As an exercise try looking for scientific evidence that programming in Java is more efficient than programming in assembly. No scientific evidence for this exists. Yet most of us would never choose to write a web service in assembly! The only evidence that can be provided are discussions and benefits of particular features and anecdotes.