It's hard to say, but what this definitely does not show is that "starting university classes at 11am or later would improve learning." Rather it shows that, on

It's hard to say, but what this definitely does not show is that "starting university classes at 11am or later would improve learning." Rather it shows that, on average students, who have classes at 8 or 9 are most alert and receptive to learning by 11. Unless student habits have changed a lot since my time, many of them are stumbling out of bed at 7:45 to make that 8am class and haven't had anything to eat or drink yet. They consider themselves “evening people” rather than “morning people" because that's when the most interesting parts of their lives are happening.