At the end of the day the problem is: - the service provided has become essential (airlines, cell phones, home internet, etc) - it's provided relatively cheap

At the end of the day the problem is: - the service provided has become essential (airlines, cell phones, home internet, etc) - it's provided relatively cheaply to a large group of people - there are few alternatives (and in many cases no alternatives) - barriers to entry are high -but profit margins are low or cyclical, or you need scale to compete All of this leads to customer dissatisfaction, we need the service, our particular business doesn't matter, competitors are unlikely to enter the space, and perversely since there are few to no alternatives as long as people are equally dissatisfied the few players just swap customers for no real net loss