> software can be used to check hardware Sorry, but how is this point relevant to the discussion? > more broadly, that one does not need to execute every step

> software can be used to check hardware Sorry, but how is this point relevant to the discussion? > more broadly, that one does not need to execute every step of a process in order to have confidence in its results. That is broad, indeed. I should hope that, before reaching conclusions and making claims and calls to action that would result in the poverty of billions, one would take pains to verify every step of the process used to reach those conclusions. Of course, what constitutes "verification" is a matter of opinion. To some, the models are sufficient. To others, they are grossly insufficient and have not proven accurate looking forward nor backward. It is a mystery why they continue to be asserted as proof.