I still did not write about modern medicine; I don't know why you bring that up. This was about the transition from hunter-gatherers to farming, first in Mesopo

I still did not write about modern medicine; I don't know why you bring that up. This was about the transition from hunter-gatherers to farming, first in Mesopotamia and a few other places, about 10 000 years ago or so. That was the "advent of agriculture", also known as "Neolithic revolution". However, overall I'd say that starvation vs. having sufficient food impacts mortality rates more than modern medicine. You can't eat the best of hygiene and medication doesn't nourish you.