I took the claim to be that they're poorer than they might've been because it's profitable for people to extract wealth from them -- that is, it's possible to e

I took the claim to be that they're poorer than they might've been because it's profitable for people to extract wealth from them -- that is, it's possible to extract more wealth than you return in value by leveraging social structures. Further, that this profitability in modern times is trapping people in poverty, when otherwise people might not be "poor". You've done nothing to address this claim, at all.