> Where does the energy come from, if not the electrode reactions? That goes unexplained in the paper. shrug seems premature to publish this if no explanation

> Where does the energy come from, if not the electrode reactions? That goes unexplained in the paper. shrug seems premature to publish this if no explanation is yet available. Otherwise I'd just assume that, as you state, a measurement error has occurred. IMO you can't really rule it out effectively unless you have a detailed understanding how the invention works.