Java (including dex) and IL bytecodes are too high level. They assume that everything is laid out in garbage collected classes. This basically means that progr

Java (including dex) and IL bytecodes are too high level. They assume that everything is laid out in garbage collected classes. This basically means that programming languages usually have to be specially designed for them. There's ironpython, but it's not fully compatible with python for instance. LLVM IR is designed as a compiler IR and hardly useful for this usecase, as it is unstable, target-specific and has a complicated largely undocumented bitcode format (I don't know any reimplementations). It has been tried with PNaCl and the original SPIR, but both projects abandoned LLVM-IR/ were abandoned.