Well, at least in Poland (and I'm not sure about the rest of Europe) having graduated from an engineering school (a polytechnic) serves as formal licensing, eve

Well, at least in Poland (and I'm not sure about the rest of Europe) having graduated from an engineering school (a polytechnic) serves as formal licensing, even for classic engineering disciplines, like e.g. civil engineering. So in order to be able to take responsibilities and perform work of a civil engineer, you are required to have graduated from a civil engineering faculty, but have no additional certification after you do. Software development is also thought in polytechnics (among other options) and you formally become an engineer after graduation (though it has no real life consequences) - I'm formally a software engineer myself for example.