>And this is the first time I've heard that the JVM is easier to target for non-Java languages https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=

>And this is the first time I've heard that the JVM is easier to target for non-Java languages https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=jruby+jvm+clr+type+erasure&* https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&e... Here's a post from a JRuby developer saying he prefers a simpler VM. In the comments section of the same post you'll see Martin Odersky, creator of Scala, saying he also prefers a simpler VM. I could probably find more examples if I dug further. >I am pretty sure the CLR always supported variance, it was just unused up until C# 4.0 Nope. They were introduced to both the CLR and the C# language in 4.0. See https://www.codeproject.com/articles/72467/c-4-0-covariance-and-contravariance-in-generics https://www.codeproject.com/articles/72467/c-4-0-covariance-... https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/rmbyers/2005/02/17/generic-type-parameter-variance-in-the-clr/ https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/rmbyers/2005/02/17/generic-...