Biology has figured this out by separating developmental evolution from learning. Developmental evolution evolves the genotype-phenotype map. For neurogeneisis

Biology has figured this out by separating developmental evolution from learning. Developmental evolution evolves the genotype-phenotype map. For neurogeneisis evolution has evolved genes that generate the brain. Learning is then a fine tuning on hundreds of millions of years evolutionary algorithms. We can't get an Ape to speak but almost no human is impaired. Interestingly, the process of neurogenesis is controlled by genes which together form gene regulatory networks and when you represent those mathematically you discover that they're basically a special kind of neural network. Basically neural networks are a universal computational design that have been functionlly reproduced at least twice in nature.