Nation states have gravitated to cyber because it carries less risk than espionage in the field, and because of the difficulty of attribution. Despite a mountai

Nation states have gravitated to cyber because it carries less risk than espionage in the field, and because of the difficulty of attribution. Despite a mountain of evidence, Russia denies the DNC hack. The US pretends Stuxnet didn't happen. And N. Korea obviously is not owning up to Sony. This puts tech companies in a bind. They want to innovate on society changing ideas like autonomous vehicles, but with nation to nation cyber attacks, they are potentially putting civilian lives at risk by doing so. Will nation states play nice? No one expected direct attacks on private companies -- then Sony happened. No one expected attacks on a US election. And no one expected an attack on the grid without declaration of war -- but then Ukraine. Without defined international norms, anything is on the table -- even in peacetime.