You would predict that discouraging healthcare "consumption" through higher co-pays would cut down on office visits for minor problems, but not for major issues

You would predict that discouraging healthcare "consumption" through higher co-pays would cut down on office visits for minor problems, but not for major issues, because with major health issues you have no choice not to go. How much is an office visit for runny nose? USD 50, USD 100? And how many frequent flyers are thee in the population, one out of ten, perhaps? It's just not plausible that it's the doctor-fetishists that cause US healthcare to be 4 times as expensive as the rest of the developed world.