> There is no way to jump from observation to causality without knowing the implementation. At least in this particular universe. At the extreme end of the spe

> There is no way to jump from observation to causality without knowing the implementation. At least in this particular universe. At the extreme end of the spectrum, you have to weigh the probability that the statistical evidence is high enough to suggest causation against the probability that your mind isn't plugged into a simulation and all of the measurements have been faked. If the former is greater than the latter, than I'd say for all practical purposes we can call the phenomenon "causality".