After graduate training in biomed, I am horrified of going to a doctor. After seeing what goes on (ie, lots and lots of NHST + p-hacking), it is really difficul

After graduate training in biomed, I am horrified of going to a doctor. After seeing what goes on (ie, lots and lots of NHST + p-hacking), it is really difficult for me to understand how anyone can tell if modern medicine is helping or hurting people overall. It would actually be miraculous to me if it is the former, to the point I would be tempted to believe there is some occult driving force leading humans in the right direction. However, I was thinking about similar the other day regarding the dentist. Say I go get a teeth cleaning. Did the polishing cause my teeth to be cleaner, or did the cleaner teeth cause the dentist to do the polishing? I feel like there is some kind of semantic game being played there.