From the referenced study on job losses being attributable to automation: http://conexus.cberdata.org/files/MfgReality.pdf http://conexus.cberdata.org/files/Mf

From the referenced study on job losses being attributable to automation: http://conexus.cberdata.org/files/MfgReality.pdf http://conexus.cberdata.org/files/MfgReality.pdf "We begin by examining productivity. The most common measure of productivity is the average product of labor, which is simply the value of all goods manufactured in the U.S. divided by the number of workers." (p3) In other words, if you offshore half of your workforce for half the price (purchasing them as a service like Apple does) while maintaining sales and a notional "made in the USA" stamp, this study concludes that your productivity has doubled. Later on in the study they give a lot of reasons for why they think "the value of goods manufactured" divided by "number of workers" has gone up and conclude without much analysis that it was "spawned by growth in the industrial use of information technology" (p4). They appear to calculate job losses attributable to trade by deducting the value of export goods from the value of imported goods. At the end of the study they lobby for the reduction of Corporation tax.