Right. How would we tease that apart? When two people have the same years of experience in the same job title, but then one of them gets a new title and the oth

Right. How would we tease that apart? When two people have the same years of experience in the same job title, but then one of them gets a new title and the other one doesn't-- what is that? Just from the data, we won't really know whether it's discrimination or difference in ability. It'd be cool if we could have objective measurements of productivity. But if we could have objective measures of productivity, I wouldn't be wasting my time with macro data analysis, I would be selling the system to companies and trying to get rid of subjective employee reviews.