(Assuming, we're not talking about distributed solutions) The fastest way would be to create an ASIC: hardware designed to run your algorithm specifically. So

(Assuming, we're not talking about distributed solutions) The fastest way would be to create an ASIC: hardware designed to run your algorithm specifically. Something simpler and a bit slower would be an FPGA. Below that is a GPU implementation of your code, assuming it can be parallelized. Below that is hand-crafted assembly by someone who is smarter than a good compiler. Below that is hand-crafted C/C++ or Fortran code. Here are benchmarks of various languages for various problems: N-body: https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=nbody https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.ph... Spectral-norm: http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=spectralnorm http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php... Digits of pi: http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=pidigits http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php... FASTA: http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=fasta http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php...