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Bittorrent's DHT is used that way now, it's probably the biggest public DHT deployment in existence, all a magnet link is at it's core is magnet:?xt=urn:btih:<i
by problems 10y ago
Bittorrent's DHT is used that way now, it's probably the biggest public DHT deployment in existence, all a magnet link is at it's core is magnet:?xt=urn:btih:<infohash>, so just having an infohash of a torrent is enough for you to get its content.
Of course, there's also IPFS, Zeronet and Freenet which all address this exact issue in slightly different ways, all more web-targetted.