The entire idea of using a default null hypothesis and calculating a p-value in order to learn something is fatally flawed to begin with. If p-values are to be

The entire idea of using a default null hypothesis and calculating a p-value in order to learn something is fatally flawed to begin with. If p-values are to be of any use, the hypothesis you are trying to reject needs to be predicted by your theory/model, so set that as the null hypothesis. You know... how science works. To start you off: http://library.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/ft/gg/GG_Mindless_2004.pdf http://library.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/ft/gg/GG_Mindless_2004.pdf http://www.fisme.science.uu.nl/staff/christianb/downloads/meehl1967.pdf http://www.fisme.science.uu.nl/staff/christianb/downloads/me... http://andrewgelman.com/2016/09/30/why-the-garden-of-forking-paths-criticism-of-p-values-is-not-like-a-famous-borscht-belt-comedy-bit/ http://andrewgelman.com/2016/09/30/why-the-garden-of-forking...