>As long as they manage the public keys for their users, they will be vulnerable On the other hand, as long as users are required to manage their public keys,

>As long as they manage the public keys for their users, they will be vulnerable On the other hand, as long as users are required to manage their public keys, there won't be end-to-end encryption for the masses (which WhatsApp had declared as their goal and to some degree achieved). At least until key management and other security basics will be taught at elementary school, by the time multiplication table is taught.