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> But in this world, which operates according to the laws of physics (of which evolution is a consequence), morality is not arbitrary. Good is that which result
by dvt 10y ago
> But in this world, which operates according to the laws of physics (of which evolution is a consequence), morality is not arbitrary. Good is that which results from genes building brains which have moral intuitions that produce behaviors that increase the reproductive fitness of those genes. What is it about this idea that you find so distasteful? I think it's rather beautiful actually. It gets you out of some rather thorny problems (see below).
I think that's where we disagree. I think morality is more than an evolutionary byproduct. I think that's reductive (and probably wrong). For example, what evolutionary value does caring for elders or caring for the handicapped have? What about charity? Yet, we find these things "good".
> You mean Socrates, not Aristotle.
Whoops, duh, brain fart.
> That our moral intuitions are unreliable and we have to rely on God for moral guidance? In which case who are we to second-guess the Word of God?
Not necessarily. In fact many philosophers, including Aquinas, believed that our rationality was divinely inspired. If that's the case, moral intuitions could be correct, and our human nature could be the culprit -- our default tendency to do bad when we ought to do good.
> I dunno, it seems pretty straightforward to me.
Okay, we can get into it.
This is the entire text (Jeremiah Ch 19). It's important to look at context, because I think it's really unfair to cherry-pick a random text, give it a 30-second look-over and pretend we understand it.
19 This is what the Lord says: “Go and buy a clay jar from a potter. Take along some of the elders of the people and of the priests 2 and go out to the Valley of Ben Hinnom, near the entrance of the Potsherd Gate. There proclaim the words I tell you, 3 and say, ‘Hear the word of the Lord, you kings of Judah and people of Jerusalem. This is what the Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: Listen! I am going to bring a disaster on this place that will make the ears of everyone who hears of it tingle. 4 For they have forsaken me and made this a place of foreign gods; they have burned incense in it to gods that neither they nor their ancestors nor the kings of Judah ever knew, and they have filled this place with the blood of the innocent. 5 They have built the high places of Baal to burn their children in the fire as offerings to Baal—something I did not command or mention, nor did it enter my mind. 6 So beware, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when people will no longer call this place Topheth or the Valley of Ben Hinnom, but the Valley of Slaughter.
7 “‘In this place I will ruin[a] the plans of Judah and Jerusalem. I will make them fall by the sword before their enemies, at the hands of those who want to kill them, and I will give their carcasses as food to the birds and the wild animals. 8 I will devastate this city and make it an object of horror and scorn; all who pass by will be appalled and will scoff because of all its wounds. 9 I will make them eat the flesh of their sons and daughters, and they will eat one another’s flesh because their enemies will press the siege so hard against them to destroy them.’
10 “Then break the jar while those who go with you are watching, 11 and say to them, ‘This is what the Lord Almighty says: I will smash this nation and this city just as this potter’s jar is smashed and cannot be repaired. They will bury the dead in Topheth until there is no more room. 12 This is what I will do to this place and to those who live here, declares the Lord. I will make this city like Topheth. 13 The houses in Jerusalem and those of the kings of Judah will be defiled like this place, Topheth—all the houses where they burned incense on the roofs to all the starry hosts and poured out drink offerings to other gods.’”
14 Jeremiah then returned from Topheth, where the Lord had sent him to prophesy, and stood in the court of the Lord’s temple and said to all the people, 15 “This is what the Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: ‘Listen! I am going to bring on this city and all the villages around it every disaster I pronounced against them, because they were stiff-necked and would not listen to my words.’”
From what I can tell, this is the story:
- God is angry because his people (the Jews) have not followed his rules (at the time, the ten commandments)
- He has given them many chances to repent, and yet they still serve idols (Baal being one of them)
- He is therefore punishing them
- The punishment will be the razing of the city (Jerusalem from what I can tell) by some unspecified tribes (probably the Canaanites)
- The siege will be so terrible, the citizens of Jerusalem will have to resort to cannibalism
- He will do this not just as punishment, but also as a reminder for future generations
Now, the idea isn't that God is "forcing people to eat their children", just that this will be the result of the cannibalism occuring due to the terrible siege Jerusalem will be under. Again, cherry-picking texts is unproductive and uncharitable. The "eating of children" is very clearly a byproduct of the punishment of the Jews via the sacking and sieging of Jerusalem.
> But my point here is not to rehash the depravities of the OT, it is to make the point that logically there are only two possibilities: either our moral intuitions are reliable, or they are not. If they are reliable, then we don't need God as a moral guide...
You're attacking a strawman here. I'm not sure if we need God as a moral guide (maybe or maybe not -- there are theories that many pre-Christian people may have been saved without any exposure to Jesus and just by living a fruitful and moral life), my only point was that my moral intuition points to an objective Good (with a capital G). If such a Good truly exists, than God must be the source of that Good.
- lisper 10y ago> In fact many philosophers, including Aquinas, believed that our rationality was divinely inspired. Sure, but I don't care what Aquinas thinks, I'm interested in what you think. > I'm not sure if we need God as a moral guide. Ah, sorry for making that assumption. The vast majority of Christians I've met say we do. In fact, you may be the first self-identified Christian who has denied this. (Um, do you deny it? You're being kind of equivocal here. I don't want to get myself into trouble again by making more unwarranted assumptions.) BTW, are you familiar with the story of Eliezer and the Carob Tree from the Talmud? Maybe I should back up and ask: you wrote: > I believe that man is essentially fallen and we were redeemed by the grace of God through his son Jesus. What does that mean? In particular, what does it mean to be "fallen" and "redeemed"? Since you (AFAICT) admit the possibility that the Bible may not be a reliable guide to morality, this is a bit of a moot point, but I just want to respond to this: > the idea isn't that God is "forcing people to eat their children" Except that the language is plain: "I [God] will cause them to eat the flesh of their sons and the flesh of their daughters...", not "They will..." > what evolutionary value does caring for elders or caring for the handicapped have? What about charity? Yet, we find these things "good". That's a long story, which is layed out in detail in Dawkins' "The Selfish Gene". But the TL;DR is that there is survival value for humans in organizing into groups. Individual humans cannot survive in the wild. Even breeding pairs cannot survive; the minimal unit of human reproduction is a few dozen individuals (it really does take a village!) In such a group there are divisions of labor, and even poor and handicapped individuals can make net positive contributions, particularly as technology gets more advanced and resources become less scarce. The full story is, of course, quite a bit more nuanced than that. But the point is that this is not a mystery. How evolution gives rise to altruism is well understood, and it is observed in other species as well.
- dvt 10y ago> Sure, but I don't care what Aquinas thinks, I'm interested in what you think. Aquinas is a lot smarter than I am :) He probably has better arguments. > In fact, you may be the first self-identified Christian who has denied this. (Um, do you deny it? You're being kind of equivocal here. I don't want to get myself into trouble again by making more unwarranted assumptions.) I believe God is the source of Good, but I don't think we necessarily need to believe in God to be good (in a moral sense). Maybe I'm being confusing, here's my basic argument in a nicely-animated video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxiAikEk2vU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxiAikEk2vU > What does that mean? In particular, what does it mean to be "fallen" and "redeemed"? Fallen morally. Simply put, man's nature is one of evil. Since God is good, there's clearly a disconnect between man and God. We are all sinners, and I believe (as the Jews of the OT believed), that a price needs to be paid for our transgressions. In the Old Testament, the High Priest would sacrifice a lamb or a goat and God would forgive the people (this was done yearly). In the New Testament, Jesus gave the ultimate sacrifice, and he essentially "stands in" as the symbolic sacrifice of the OT. That's how we are redeemed. > Except that the language is plain: "I [God] will cause them to eat the flesh of their sons and the flesh of their daughters...", not "They will..." I mean you're not even doing your due diligence here. I clearly quoted the entire text, and outlined exactly what it says. You seem to be stuck on this "eating children" thing -- which is simply the outcome of Jerusalem being sacked. Let me ask again: do you understand the context of the text? Do you understand what the prophecy is saying? Do you understand why it's saying it? I tried to be as clear as possible. You're harping on the semantics of a throwaway sentence (which, by the way, has been translated from Hebrew, to Greek, to Latin, and to English), so the fine distinction between "They will" as opposed to "I will cause" is just silly unless you look at the original (Hebrew) text. The Dawkins altruism/evolution stuff I know about and as I said before, I think it's reductive and misses the point. You obviously think otherwise, which is perfectly fine. As an aside, I think scientists doing philosophy is just as unproductive as philosophers doing science.