3 ms·
There are plenty of sources for acts (many national and supra-national services [1]) and for US case law (Google Scholar). The _text_ of law alone is worthless
by gioele 10y ago
There are plenty of sources for acts (many national and supra-national services [1]) and for US case law (Google Scholar).
The _text_ of law alone is worthless. In very few cases you should search for keywords.
The unsolved problem is that what is needed (and there are private systems that can do this) is the ability to make queries like
In 2014
my only child was 17,
my family lived in Italy
but I worked most of my time in the UK;
which version of the Italian child-care law applied to me at the time?
In order to answer this query you need to:
1. Know all the text of all the acts out there at the Italian level, European level and supra-national level.
2. Find the main acts that deal with child-care law.
3. Find all the acts that modify those main acts (they could extend it duration, modify its content).
3b. Find all the acts that modify the acts that modify those main acts (maybe the extension has been repelled).
3c. Find all the acts that modify the acts that modify the acts that modify those main acts (I think the point is clear now)
4. Consolidate (merge) all these acts using the rules that were in place at the time of the enactment. This produces a tree of versions for each point in time, not just a single version.
5. Find all the judgments that reference any of these acts.
6. Highlight the points that have to do with the user query.
Truth be told, having the raw text (point 1) is the easiest part. The rest is what is extremely complicated. Regardless of this, there are private systems in places that can perform this kind of queries (although in a very limited fashion: their idea of "the whole corpus of law" is extremely narrow).
To make the life of implementers easier, markup formats like AkomaNtoso [2] or Oasis LegalDocumentML/LegalRuleML [3] are being used, sadly not enough.
Making the corpus of the law accessible is an important first step. But the corpus alone is is not going to be much helpful. It may even be dangerous if the single texts are not cross-referenced with other relevant texts.
Appeal to authority: I worked on versioning legal documents (bills, acts, judgments, etc) during my PhD. I also worked in the research group that shaped the early versions of AkomaNtoso.
[1] IT: http://normattiva.it http://normattiva.it (ex NormeInRete) DE: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de EU: http://eur-lex.europa.eu http://eur-lex.europa.eu US-CA: http://legisweb.com http://legisweb.com
[2] http://akomantoso.org http://akomantoso.org
[3] http://www.legalxml.org/ http://www.legalxml.org/
- matt4077 10y agoI worked on a platform for EU law for about half a year and got quite deep into Akoma Ntoso. It's certainly the right direction but it was unfortunately extremely difficult to even get an overview of the status. The various websites felt dead and the documentation wasn't inspiring my confidence either – IIRC it was actually provided as a word document :). Plus, I just couldn't find anybody publicly using it. The EU parliament supposedly does, but they could never give me an answer why they weren't sharing it online (only .doc and .pdf).
- ocky7 10y agoApparently, the UN and some African countries also make use of Akoma Ntoso, but like you I've never seen it in practice. Open data is not provided well. For example, it is possible to get XML documents from the EU parliament, but you have to request access to their FTP server and it is a laborious process. I've met Monica Palmirani of Akoma Ntoso recently and she told me they have just launched a case law standard, and so they're still working on it. I'm actually amazed she hasn't burned out yet. Trying to get governments to play nice data-wise is i n c r e d i b l y hard.
- oever 10y agoThe case-law standard is called ECLI. It's used in a few countries and being rolled out in more. At least one Dutch news paper uses ECLI when referring to court cases. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECLI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECLI http://bo-ecli.eu/ http://bo-ecli.eu/ Dutch law and government publications are available as XML and ODF. The constitution: http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001840/2008-07-15 http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001840/2008-07-15 A publication about standards: https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2015-39782.html https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2015-39782.htm... Each article can be linked and documents referring to each article can be found as well. For example all known documents that link to article 5 (equality) of the constitution: http://linkeddata.overheid.nl/embedded/portal/spiegel-lijstweergave?juriconnect=jci1.3%3ac%3aBWBR0001840%26hoofdstuk%3d1%26artikel%3d1%26z%3d2008-07-15%26g%3d2008-07-15 http://linkeddata.overheid.nl/embedded/portal/spiegel-lijstw... The links are available as RDF. Currently work is underway to publish law as XML and RDF with ODF/PDF/HTML as secondary formats. This will allow embedding of data such as property lines, lists of medicines, reusable financial reports.